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目的:探讨双侧颈上神经节切除对压力负荷型心力衰竭（心衰）小鼠心室重构及心功能的影响。方法:健康雄性6周龄C57BL/6小鼠共24只，体重20~25 g。采用随机数字法分为4组，即对照组（n n=6，进行假手术）、去神经组（n n=6，手术切除双侧颈上神经节）、心衰组［n n=6，采用重度胸主动脉缩窄术（sTAB）建立压力负荷型心衰模型］和心衰去神经组（n n=6，于sTAB术后2周行双侧颈上神经节切除术）。分别于sTAB术前以及后第2、3、4周行超声心动图检测小鼠心功能。于sTAB术后第4周末处死小鼠，取心肌组织。心肌组织切片行苏木素-伊红（HE）、Masson和免疫组织化学染色进行心肌形态和组织学分析；提取心肌组织蛋白，采用Western blot法检测其酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、B型利钠肽（BNP）及β1肾上腺素能受体（AR-β1）的蛋白表达水平。n 结果:心衰组和心衰去神经组小鼠sTAB术后第2、3、4周左心室射血分数（LVEF）逐渐减低，术后第4周心衰去神经组小鼠LVEF高于心衰组（n P0.05）。sTAB术后第4周HE染色结果显示，与对照组比较，去神经组小鼠心肌细胞横截面积差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05），心衰组小鼠则较大（n P0.05），心衰组则较高（n P<0.05），而心衰去神经组较心衰组低（n P0.05). LVEF was significantly higher in denervated HF group than in HF group at the end of week 4 (n P<0.05). HE staining showed that cross sectional cardiomyocyte area was significantly larger in HF group than in control group and denervated HF group (n P0.05). Masson staining showed that fibrosis level was significantly lower in denervated HF group than in HF group (n P<0.05). IHC showed that TH+nerves and CD68n + macrophages were significantly increased in HF mice as compared to control mice (n P<0.05), whereas this change was abolished in denervated HF group. AR-β1 was significantly down-regulated in HF group compared with control group (n P0.05). Western blot demonstrated that the expression level of TH and BNP was significantly higher in HF group compared with the control group (n P0.05).n Conclusion:Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy can reduce sympathetic innervation and macrophage infiltration in pressure overloaded failure heart, thus attenuate cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac function.