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用户创新是指用户对其使用的产品、工艺进行的创新,包括为自己的使用目的而提出的新设想和实施首创的设备、工具、材料、工艺等,以及对制造商提供的产品或工艺改进。最早对用户创新进行研究的是美国麻省理工学院的冯·希普尔。他在研究了许多创新成功的新产品后发现,在一些产业(如科学仪器、半导体与电子配件业)中,多数商业上成功的产品是由产品使用者,而不是由产品制造商开发出来的。冯·希普尔把这种创新过程称为“用户支配的”创新,其中用户的作用表现为:(1)注意创新企业产品的需要;(2)给出一个解决方案;(3)建构一个原型计划;(4)通过使用确定这种原型的价值。创新企业只有熟悉上述内容,才能积极地做好产品的“再开发”,从而制造出创新
User innovation refers to the user's innovation on the products and processes that they use, including the new ideas and implementation of the first devices, tools, materials, processes and so on for the purpose of their own use as well as the improvement of the products or processes provided by the manufacturer . The earliest study of user innovation was von Hipper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After studying many innovative and successful new products, he found that in some industries (such as scientific instruments, semiconductors, and electronic components), most commercially successful products were developed by product users rather than product manufacturers . Von Hippel calls this process of innovation “user-driven” innovations in which the user's role is as follows: (1) be aware of the need to innovate the enterprise product; (2) give a solution; (3) build a prototype Plan; (4) determine the value of such a prototype by using. Only by becoming familiar with the above content, innovative enterprises can actively make “re-development” of their products and create innovations