论文部分内容阅读
《读书》一九八四年第三期杨沐《关于对策的断想》一文很值得一读,但有一个疑问。文章说:“后进国家在技术进步中面临的共同问题是资金和外汇的缺乏,产生正反馈或良性循环的关键是能否获得更多的资金和外汇,为下一个技术进步过程创造条件。”在这里,“正反馈”似应改成“负反馈”。负反馈是一种趋向目的行为,是目标差减少的过程。而正反馈是目标差不断增大的过程。以文章所说的技术进步和资金外汇的关系为例,技术进步为系统Ⅰ,资金外汇为系统Ⅱ,如果系统Ⅰ由于某种原因稍偏离了目标,那么系统Ⅱ所产生的反应是使系统Ⅰ下一次的状态更加偏目标。这样,在互相作用中,它们各自偏离目
“Reading” The third issue of Yang Mu in 1984 “on the countermeasure thinking,” a very worth reading, but there is a doubt. The article said: “The common problem faced by backward countries in technological progress is the lack of capital and foreign exchange. The key to generating positive feedback or virtuous circle is whether more funds and foreign exchange can be obtained and the conditions for the next technological progress created.” Here, “positive feedback” may be replaced by “negative feedback.” Negative feedback is a trend-oriented behavior, the process of reducing the target difference. The positive feedback is the process of increasing poor target. Taking the relationship between technological progress and capital foreign exchange as an example, the technological progress is system I and the capital foreign exchange is system II. If system I deviates from the target for some reason, the reaction of system II is to make system I The next state more partial target. In this way, they each deviate from each other in their interactions