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在探讨公有制与商品经济两者能否和如何结合的讨论中,有一个重要的方法论问题,这就是理论与现实、规律与经验之间的差别和矛盾问题。有人强调不应从马克思关于公有制的基本特征的理论出发,要从当前现实中商品经济存在和发挥着积极作用的现实出发。这就把理论和现实直接对立起来了。抛开基本理论,只强调从现实中呈现出的现象出发,是否能保证认识的正确呢?科学的认识史表明,这是不可靠的。无论自然科学,还是社会科学,都一再表明现实与理论,日常经验与规律往往是不一
There is an important methodology in the discussion of whether and how both the public ownership and the commodity economy can be combined. This is the difference and contradiction between theory and reality, law and experience. Some people stress that we should not proceed from Marx's theory of the basic characteristics of public ownership and proceed from the reality that the commodity economy exists and plays a positive role in the current reality. This directly opposes the theory and reality. To lay aside the basic theory and stress only on the phenomena that emerge from reality can we ensure that our understanding is correct? The scientific understanding of history shows that this is not reliable. Both the natural sciences and the social sciences have repeatedly shown that reality and theory, daily experience and laws are often different