中式造园及建筑自古以来都是由文人与艺匠主导,从传统四合院到苏州园林再到紫禁城,其规划与施工都离不开文人艺匠的身影。文人是儒家封建官僚制的积极产物,文人多是由低阶官员与不得志读书人组成,他们饱读四书五经,对生活和自然有独到的自我把握。读书人又往往是艺术家,国画讲究意象,便是由名教的名.象.实.色等哲学关系中演化而出,理学的兴起更是加大了这一艺术 Chinese gardening and architecture have been dominated by both literati and artisans since ancient times. From the traditional courtyard to the Suzhou gardens to the Forbidden City, the planning and construction of these gardens are inseparable from the literati artisans. Scholars are active products of the Confucian feudal bureaucracy. Scholars are mostly composed of low-ranking officials and those who are unwilling to read books. They are well-versed in the four books and have a unique grasp of life and nature. The scholar is often the artist, the traditional painting emphasizes the image, is the name of the name of the church. Like. Real color and other philosophical relations evolved, the rise of Neo-Confucianism is to increase the art