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侗族聚居的湘黔桂交界一带,是一个林业资源非常丰富的地区,仅在贵州省划定的十个林业县中,处于侗族地区的就有八个。《黔南识略》称:“郡（黎平府）内自清江（今剑河）至茅坪（今锦屏县属）二百里,两岸（杉林）翳云承日,无隙土、无漏荫,栋梁杗桷之材靡不备具。”这种优越的自然条件,为侗族经济发展奠定了良好的基础。从某种意义上来讲,侗族经济能否腾飞,依赖着林业经济的发展水平。 本文试就侗族林业经济开发,提出立体林业的设想,旨在为侗族经济决策提供参考。 一、侗族传统林业经济的构成 侗族地区是一个传统的林业区,从文献中我们可以毫不费劲地找到有关记载,现在的侗族地区的林业状况也可以证明其历史的悠久。 1、以种植杉木等用材林为主的造林 侗族有植树造林的传统,无论在哪个年代,不管是穷人还是富有者均参加,营林与种稻是侗族传统衣业中的两条支柱。据文献记载,侗族地区的人工造林至迟始于明代中后期。清代中期,随着木材贸易的发展,人工植杉造林已成为侗族人民仅次于田间的生产活动,同时也引起了各级政府的高度重视。乾隆五年（1740年）,曾知黎平府、谙熟“三江”木事的贵州巡抚张广泗向朝廷汇报施政计划时,“杉木宜多行栽种”,便是重要一条。其认为“黔地山多地广,小民取用日繁……令?
The area where the Dongs live in the border areas of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi is a very rich area of forestry resources. Of the ten forestry counties designated by Guizhou Province alone, eight are in Dong areas. “Qiannan Slightly,” said: “County (Liping house) within the Qingjiang (now Jianhe) to Maoping (now Jinping County) two hundred miles, the two sides (Cedars) 翳 Yun Chengri, no soil, no ”The excellent natural conditions have laid a good foundation for the economic development of Dongs. In a sense, the Dong economy can take off, relying on the level of development of forestry economy. This paper attempts to Dong economic development of forestry, put forward the idea of three-dimensional forestry, aimed at Dong’s economic decision-making to provide a reference. First, the composition of Dong traditional forestry economy Dong ethnic region is a traditional forestry area, from the literature we can easily find the records, and now the Dong ethnic forestry status can also prove its long history. 1. The tradition of afforestation of the Dong people with afforestation forests mainly for planting fir and other timber forests, regardless of the age or the participation of the poor or the rich, is the two pillars in the Dong traditional clothing industry. According to the literature, artificial afforestation in the Dong region began late in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In the middle period of the Qing Dynasty, with the development of timber trade, artificial afforestation has become the second only production activity of the Dong people in the field, and at the same time it has drawn great attention from all levels of government. In Qianlong five years (1740), when Zhang Guangsi, a governor of Guizhou who was familiar with the “Sanjiang” wood affairs and had known Liping government, reported the plan of governance to the court, “fir should be planted in many rows” is an important one. In its opinion, "Guizhou mountain more than wide, small people to take advantage of the day ... ... order?