泰国南部普吉岛的华人矿山兴起于19世纪早期。普吉岛的锡矿通过距离最近的转口港槟城进行再出口,满足了大部分需求。本文为槟城和普吉岛华人社群之间的历史联系提供了一个文化上的视角,意在这一富有潜力的领域鼓励更多相关跨区域历史研究。本文检视了英国海峡殖民地槟城与暹罗行省普吉岛之间的商贸和亲缘关系。十九世纪中期,被英国人称为“秘密结社”的传统中国兄弟会控制了槟城与普吉岛间协议劳工、锡矿业、开埠资本和贸易的组织。普吉岛这一时期的文化地理中,华人庙宇的建造和槟城的精神传统有着紧密联系。泰王拉玛五世十九世纪九十年代的行政改革为暹罗诸行省行政系统的现代化奠定了基础。1900年至1913年祖籍福建的华商许心美任普吉省省长期间,将通卡(普吉旧城)改造成一座现代化城镇。通卡的行政、市政和城区改善工程均以英国殖民政府和当地华社在槟城建立的港区和机构为模板。在英国人的支持下,许心美在锡矿开采、冶炼、银行、运输等行业协助设立了西方资本的机构。许心美同样鼓励槟城华人建立类似机构;他的家族成员通常在其中享有经济利益。许家与泰王拉玛五世以及丹绒王子的亲密关系使他们成为强大的英国殖民利益方和槟城-普吉家族网络之间的调停角色。与此同时,槟城-普吉华人家族借助更加稳妥的条款、改善后的基建和现代运输系统,赚取了他们自己的财富,并通过宗教、慈善和教育事业巩固了自己的名望。有了更稳固的新条款的保障,普吉岛见证了自身峇峇娘惹(又称海峡华人)社群的发展历程;这一群体一般通过与槟城的商贸、教育和血缘联系来界定。普吉岛的华人学校早期使用福建方言(即闽南话),后来改用普通话教学,其建立为当地华人家庭提供了泰文教育之外的选择。 Chinese mines in Phuket, southern Thailand, rose in the early 1800s. Tin’s tin ore in Phuket re-exports through Penang, the nearest transit port, to meet most of the demand. This article provides a cultural perspective on the historical relationship between the Chinese community in Penang and Phuket, and is intended to encourage more relevant cross-regional historical studies in this promising area. This article examines the business and kinship between Penang, the British Straits colony, and Phuket, the province of Siam. In the mid-nineteenth century, the traditional Chinese fraternity, known by the British as a “secret association,” controlled the organization of the agreement on labor, tin mining, capital and trade between Penang and Phuket. In the cultural geography of Phuket during this period, the construction of Chinese temples is closely linked with Penang’s spiritual tradition. Thai King Rama V Administrative reform in the 1890s laid the foundations for the modernization of the administrative system in Siam provinces. From 1900 to 1913, Xu Hua, an ancestral home of Fujian Province, renovated the Tongka (Old Phuket Town) into a modern town during the governorship of Phuket Province. Tongka’s administrative, municipal and urban improvement projects are based on the template of the port area and agencies established by the British colonial government and local Chinese community in Penang. With the support of the British, Xu Xinmei has helped set up Western-funded institutions in tin mining, smelting, banking and transportation. Xu Xinmei also encourages Penang Chinese to establish similar institutions; his family members usually enjoy economic benefits. Xu’s close ties with King Rama V and Tanjung prince made them a mediator between the powerful British colonial interests and the Penang-Phuket family network. In the meantime, the Penang-Phuket Chinese family earned their own fortunes with more secure provisions, improved infrastructure and modern transport systems and consolidated their fame through religious, charitable and educational endeavors. With the guarantee of a firmer new clause, Phuket has witnessed the development of its own community of Nyonya (also known as Straits Chinese), a group generally defined by business, education and blood ties with Penang. Early Chinese schools in Phuket used Fujian dialect (that is, Hokkien dialect), and later switched to Putonghua teaching. Their establishment provided an alternative to Thai education for local Chinese families.