1 前言 焦虑是对当前或预计到自尊心有潜在威胁的任何情景具有一种担忧的反应倾向。在心理上体现为不安.忧虑,焦急,紧张恐惧的情绪状态,在生理上则伴有呼醒水平的增高,其重要特点是具有不同的强度和随时间的推移而不断变化。在不同条件下的激励会产生不同的焦虑。C.卡特尔和D.斯皮尔伯格等人对焦虑的结构进行了分析研究,认为焦虑是由状 1 Preface Anxiety is a reactionary tendencies to worry about any situation that is currently or whose potential threat to self-esteem is expected. Psychologically manifested as anxiety.An anxiety, anxiety, nervous emotional state, accompanied by an increase in the level of wake-up call, its important feature is the intensity and with the passage of time and constantly changing. In different conditions, the incentives will have different anxiety. C. Cartel and D. Spielberg and others analyzed the structure of anxiety and think that anxiety is caused by