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[目的]了解深圳地区学龄前儿童乙肝病毒感染状况及疫苗接种效果,为乙型肝炎的防治提供依据。[方法]采用ELISA方法检测2955例学龄前儿童乙肝血清学指标(HBV-M)。[结果]深圳地区学龄前儿童乙肝血清学五项指标阳性率分别为0.95%、76.45%、0.74%、0.61%和1.25%;各指标阳性率在男女之间无性别差异;HBV-M全阴儿童668例,占22.61%,HBV-M阳性模式共检出7种,其中“大三阳”(HBsAg+HBeAg+HBcAb)22例(0.74%),“小三阳”(HBsAg+HBeAb+HBcAb)5例(0.17%),“大二阳”(HBsAg+HBeAg)1例(0.03%),HBsAb单独阳性2236例(75.67%),HBsAb+HBeAb5例(0.17%),HBsAb+HBeAb+HBcAb6例(0.20%),HBsAb+HBcAb12例(0.41%)。[结论]深圳地区流动人口多,疾病防治工作难度大,学龄前儿童乙肝病毒感染状况较强制性计划免疫前有很大改善,疫苗接种有一定效果,但仍需从多个因素优化条件,进一步提高疫苗效果。
[Objective] To understand the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in preschool children in Shenzhen and the effect of vaccination, so as to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. [Methods] Serological markers of hepatitis B (HBV-M) in 2955 pre-school children were detected by ELISA. [Results] The positive rates of five indicators of hepatitis B in preschool children in Shenzhen were 0.95%, 76.45%, 0.74%, 0.61% and 1.25% respectively. The positive rate of each index had no gender difference between men and women. There were 668 children (22.61%), of which 7 were detected by HBV-M positive model, including 22 cases (0.74%) of HBsAg + HBeAg + HBcAb and 7 cases of HBsAg + HBsAb + HBeAb in 5 cases (0.17%), “HBsAg + HBeAg” in 1 case (0.03%), HBsAb alone in 2236 cases (75.67%), HBsAb + HBeAb in 5 cases + HBeAb + HBcAb 6 cases (0.20%), HBsAb + HBcAb 12 cases (0.41%). [Conclusion] There are many floating population in Shenzhen and it is very difficult to prevent and cure diseases. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in pre-school children is greatly improved compared with that before compulsory immunization. Vaccination has some effects. However, it is still necessary to optimize the conditions from multiple factors Improve the vaccine effect.