普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)地方品种具备了对当地自然生态条件的较强适应性和与之相对应的生产潜力。因此,从地方小麦品种中挖掘产量、品质、抗病虫及耐逆等优良基因资源,扩大当前小麦育种亲本的遗传基础,历来受到小麦遗传育种学家的高度重视。本研究通过对64个四川小麦地方品种进行了2年3个环境的表型精准鉴定,并利用231个小麦产量与品质相关性状的一致性QTL区段中的SSR标记,通过关联分析揭示四川地方品种产量和品质相关性状的遗传特征。表型鉴定结果显示,这些地方小麦品种具有多花多粒、分蘖能力强、成穗率高等特性,总体上属于中筋或弱筋小麦,且有效分蘖数、株高、小穗密度、穗长、可育小穗数、沉降值等性状遗传力较高,达50%以上。关联分析鉴定出18个多环境下稳定表达的SSR位点,与产量和品质性状极显著关联,其中1个(Xgwm372)同时与产量性状和品质性状关联,4个(Xwmc112,Xcfd5,Xwmc317和Xgwm372)最为稳定,3个(Xcfd5,Xgwm328和Xbarc181)关联到新的产量性状。相关分析表明,穗长与小穗密度呈极显著负相关,且有2个共同关联标记(Xgwm328和Xcfd5)。还鉴定出2A染色体上的Xgwm448-Xgwm328-Xgwm372区段(8.0 c M)在多环境下与穗长显著关联。上述SSR标记位点和区段为通过分子标记辅助选择手段利用和发掘四川小麦地方品种产量和品质优异相关基因或区段提供理论指导。 Triticum aestivum local varieties have strong adaptability to local natural ecological conditions and corresponding production potential. Therefore, it has always been highly valued by wheat genetics and breeding scholars that the fine genetic resources such as yield, quality, resistance to pests and diseases, resistance to stress, etc., are excavated from local wheat varieties and the genetic basis of current wheat breeding parents is expanded. In this study, 64 Sichuan wheat landraces were identified by phenotyping in three years for two years and three SSR markers were used to determine the identity of yield-quality traits in 231 wheat cultivars. Based on the correlation analysis, Genetic characteristics of yield traits and quality related traits. The results of phenotypic identification showed that the wheat cultivars in this area had the characteristics of more flowering and more grain, stronger tillering ability and higher ear percentage, which belonged to the middle or weak gluten wheat as a whole, and the effective tiller number, plant height, spikelet density, The number of fertile spikelets, sedimentation value and other traits heritability higher than 50%. Correlation analysis identified 18 SSR loci that were stably expressed in multiple environments and was significantly associated with yield and quality traits. One (Xgwm372) was associated with both yield traits and quality traits, and four (Xwmc112, Xcfd5, Xwmc317 and Xgwm372 ) Were the most stable, with 3 (Xcfd5, Xgwm328 and Xbarc181) linked to new yield traits. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between spike length and spikelet density, and there were two common associated markers (Xgwm328 and Xcfd5). It was also identified that the Xgwm448-Xgwm328-Xgwm372 segment (8.0 cM) on chromosome 2A was significantly associated with ear length under multiple environments. The above SSR marker loci and segments provide theoretical guidance for using and excising genes or segments of Sichuan wheat landraces with excellent yield and quality through molecular marker-assisted selection.