世界上绝大多数国家,无论东方的还是西方的,基本都会向未成年公民开设类似国民教育的课程,目的都是使得学生在既有体制下成为一个合格的“公民”。在很多国家,这种教育是贯穿在各相关科目中的,如历史、地理、哲学,而有些国家则是把它单独列为一门课程。在法国,承担这项职责的是中学里的“哲学”课程。在法国,哲学是所有高中生的必修课,也是高中毕业会考的第一门必考科目。 Most countries in the world, both in the East and in the West, basically provide national education programs to underage citizens with the aim of making the students a qualified “citizen” under the existing system. In many countries, such education runs through all relevant subjects, such as history, geography, and philosophy, while some countries list it as a separate course. In France, the “philosophical” course in secondary school takes on this responsibility. In France, philosophy is a compulsory course for all high school students and is the first mandatory exam for high school graduation examinations.