近代以来青藏地区随着民间商贸的兴盛与辐射,广大牧民家庭生活资料消费开始了结构性变革,需求结构呈现向多样化发展的趋势。这促进了牧民思想意识的变化,尤其是商贸的频繁往来直接催生了普通牧民的经商意识,掌握了一些基本的经商之术,牧民的商贸资本组成方式和经营模式也逐渐完善。对外来商品的依赖和本地土特产品的大量外运,推动了牧民生产结构的变迁,一方面畜牧狩猎生产方式的逐渐缩小,农耕且定居的生产生活方式不断扩大,另一方面在市场供需关系的影响下,牧民从事的畜牧生产也相应地进行了结构调整,逐渐形成了以一地一品为特色的畜牧养殖业。这样外界市场信息亦更迅速传入广大牧区部落中,导致他们的生产活动走出封闭、半封闭状态,牧民的社会开始了变迁。 Since the modern history of Qinghai-Tibet region, with the flourishing and radiating of non-governmental commerce and trade, the consumption of domestic living materials of the vast herdsmen has started a structural change, and the demand structure has shown a tendency of diversification. This promoted the change of ideology among pastoralists. In particular, the frequent contacts between commerce and commerce directly gave birth to the business sense of ordinary herdsmen and mastered some basic business practices. Herdsman's commercial capital composition and business model were also gradually improved. Dependence on foreign goods and local large-scale transport of native products to promote the changes in the herdsman's production structure, on the one hand the gradual reduction of animal husbandry and hunting methods of production, farming and settlement of the growing production and lifestyle, on the other hand in the market supply and demand Under the influence of the pastoralists engaged in livestock production has also been a corresponding structural adjustment, and gradually formed a one product features livestock husbandry. In this way, information from outside markets is also more rapidly introduced into the vast majority of pastoral tribes, leading their production activities to go out of the closed and semi-closed state and the herdsmen's society began to change.