马克思十分重视国家在对外贸易中的作用,认为其作用随着资本的集中而强化,揭示了自由贸易政策的本质是维护本国资产阶级利益、巩固资本主义生产方式统治的客观需要;自由贸易具有推动生产力发展和社会变革的历史进步作用,故赞同自由贸易政策。虽然关税保护政策是保守的,但认为落后国家只有通过实施关税保护,才能快速发展本国工业,为公平的国际贸易创造条件,所以赞同贸易保护。我国改革开放三十余年的对外贸易的实践验证了马克思对外贸易政策的科学性,促进了生产力的发展。 Marx attaches great importance to the role of the state in foreign trade and believes that its role is strengthened with the concentration of capital. It reveals that the essence of free trade policy is the objective need of safeguarding the interests of the country’s bourgeoisie and consolidating the rule of the capitalist mode of production. Free trade can promote The development of productive forces and the historical progress of social change. Therefore, they agree with the free trade policy. Although the tariff protection policy is conservative, the backward countries consider that only through the implementation of tariff protection can they rapidly develop their own industries and create conditions for fair international trade. Therefore, they endorse trade protection. The practice of foreign trade in more than thirty years of China’s reform and opening up validated the scientific nature of Marx’s foreign trade policy and promoted the development of the productive forces.