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本文研究主要涉及公元前5一前2世纪成都平原的墓葬。有关这一领域的既存研究多以文化历史的观点来解释考古遗物。虽然有关四川战国至汉时期的文献记载较为零散,但考古遗存的解读依然偏向考古遗存与古代人群、国家的比定。本文通过社会考古学的方法,意图根据地位、财富、职业和性别等来鉴别不同的社会群体。文中对随葬品数量、类别、组合方式作了比较分析,并特别关注墓葬中本土与外来文化因素的变化。对这些器物的采纳、拒绝或者重新阐释,可视为社会差异的物质表现。本文对公元前5一前2世纪成都及周边地区社会环境的复杂化进行了探讨。通过成都市区与成都周边墓葬实践的多样性以及如什邡墓地独特发展的分析,我们可以从宏大文化体中鉴别出一些特殊的社会群体。因此,研究葬俗的继承、改造和精细化的过程,有助于我们认识社会复杂化以及中国城乡地区的长时段变迁。
This paper mainly deals with the tombs of Chengdu Plain in the 2nd and 5th centuries BC. Ex-existing studies in this area explain archeology more from a cultural and historical point of view. Although the records of the Warring States from the Han to the Han dynasties in China were relatively fragmented, the interpretation of archeological relics is still biased in favor of archeological relics and ancient peoples and countries. By means of social archeology, this article attempts to identify different social groups based on status, wealth, occupation and gender. In this paper, we compare and analyze the quantity, categories and combination ways of the funeral objects, with special attention to the changes of local and foreign cultural factors in the burials. The adoption, refusal or reinterpretation of these artifacts can be seen as a material manifestation of social differences. This article explores the complicated social environment in Chengdu and surrounding areas in the 2nd and 5th centuries BC. Through the diversity of burial practices around Chengdu and Chengdu and the unique development of the Shishu cemetery, we can identify some special social groups from the grand culture. Therefore, studying the inheritance, transformation and refinement of funeral custom helps us to understand the social complications and the long-term changes in urban and rural areas in China.