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ＩＬ－６是一个多功能的细胞因子，其生物学作用在很大程度上受ＩＬ－６受体（ＩＬ－６Ｒ）结构和功能的影响．ＩＬ－６Ｒ由两条多肽链组成，即配体结合链ｇｐ８０和信号传导链ｇｐ１３０．它们在结构和功能上既有分工又有合作．两种亚基组成的高亲和力ＩＬ－６Ｒ是介导细胞效应所必需的．ＩＬ－６Ｒα中的造血功能区属于造血因子受体超家族成员，它决定着结合ＩＬ－６的能力．然而ｇｐ１３０则是多种细胞因子共用的信号传递分子，其胞内段含有与酪氨酸激酶活化有关的保守成分．ＩＬ－６＋ＩＬ－６Ｒ复合物通过诱导ｇｐ１３０的聚合来活化胞内的多种激酶分子和转录因子并最终导致有关基因的表达．
IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine whose biological role is largely influenced by the structure and function of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). IL-6R consists of two polypeptide chains, the ligand binding chain gp80 and the signaling chain gp130. They have both division of labor and cooperation in structure and function. High-affinity IL-6R, composed of two subunits, is necessary for mediating cellular effects. The hematopoietic region in IL-6R [alpha], a member of the hematopoietic receptor superfamily, determines the ability to bind to IL-6. However, gp130 is a signaling molecule shared by many cytokines. The intracellular domain contains conserved components that are involved in tyrosine kinase activation. The IL-6 + IL-6R complex activates intracellular multiple kinase molecules and transcription factors by inducing gp130 polymerization and ultimately results in the expression of related genes.