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语言的线性结构容易发生变化，而非线性的结构原理比较稳固，可以参照现实语言的这种原理解释历史上已经完成的音变规律。以往语言史研究的理论和方法忽视了非线性结构原理和语言演变的关系的研究，因而有其明显的局限性，例如音变方式只考虑“语音规律无例外”的连续式音变、而不研究离散式音变、叠置式音变等在语言史研究中的地位和价值。本文以汉语音韵史上的元音系统的运转和演变为例重点考察音系的非线性结构原理和改进语音史研究方法之间的关系，并对目前流行的研究方法进行了一些评述；用离散式音变，特别是其中中断的变化的理论分析从上古的“同声必同部”到中古的同声不同部的不规则音变，并对其原因进行了初步的分析。
The linear structure of language is easy to change, while the non-linear structure principle is relatively stable, so we can refer to the principle of real language to explain the law of sound transformation that has been completed in history. The previous theories and methods of linguistic history neglect the study of the relationship between the principles of nonlinear structure and linguistic evolution and thus have their own obvious limitations. For example, the phonetic variation considers only continuous phonetic changes without “phonetic rules” Research on the status and value of discrete phonetic variations, stacked phonetic variations in the study of linguistic history. Taking the operation and evolution of the vowel system in Chinese phonology as an example, this paper focuses on the relationship between the nonlinear structure principle of phonology and the research methods of improving phonological history, and makes some comments on the current popular research methods. The change of sound, especially the change of the theory, analyzes the irregular change from the “homonymous companion” in the ancient to the homonymous part in different parts of the Middle Ages, and makes a preliminary analysis of its causes.