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目的了解海南省疟疾的流行现状及其影响因素,掌握疟疾流行规律和趋势;为评价防治效果和制订疟疾防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据地理分布和疟疾发病情况,选择万宁市南宁农场、琼中县和平镇、白沙县青松乡、乐东县乐中农场、东方市江边乡作为监测点,开展发热病人血检、小学生间接荧光抗体(IFA)检测、疟疾病例流行病学调查、媒介按蚊密度调查、媒介按蚊抗性监测等相关影响因素。结果2006～2010年监测点疟疾发病数分别为362、310、211、95和19例;发热病人血检率各年分别为18.24%、19.72%、12.83%、11.80%和15.32%;检出疟原虫阳性率2006～2010年分别为3.07%、2.31%、1.43%、0.41%和0.01%;5个监测点5年共个案调查1 745例疟疾病人,其中在乡镇医院初诊的1 137例,占65.16%;在村医初诊的581例,占33.30%。结论今后应继续加大监测工作力度,加强镜检培训以提升乡镇医务人员疟疾病例诊断能力,及时发现传染源,避免二代病例的产生。
Objective To understand the prevalence status of malaria and its influencing factors in Hainan Province, to grasp the laws and trends of malaria epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating prevention and control effects and formulating malaria control strategies. Methods According to the geographical distribution and the incidence of malaria, we selected Nanning Farm of Wanning City, Heping Township of Qiongzhong County, Qingsong Township of Baisha County, Lok Zhong Farm of Ledong County and Jiangbian Township of Dongfang City as monitoring points to carry out blood tests of fever patients, primary school students Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, epidemiological survey of malaria cases, investigation of density of Anopheles vectors and monitoring of the resistance of Anopheles vectors. Results The number of malaria cases in the monitoring sites from 2006 to 2010 were 362, 310, 211, 95 and 19, respectively. The incidence of malaria in the febrile patients was 18.24%, 19.72%, 12.83%, 11.80% and 15.32% The positive rate of protozoa was 3.07%, 2.31%, 1.43%, 0.41% and 0.01% from 2006 to 2010 respectively. A total of 1 745 malaria cases were investigated in 5 monitoring sites in 5 years, of which 1 137 were newly diagnosed in township hospitals, accounting for 65.16%; 581 newly diagnosed village doctors, accounting for 33.30%. Conclusion In the future, we should continue to intensify the monitoring efforts and strengthen the training of microscopic examination in order to improve the diagnosis ability of malaria cases among township medical staff, find the source of infection in time and avoid the generation of second-generation cases.