Through the analysis of the international definition and classification of slums,this paper explores the development of China’s social housing system and the renovation of the Old City of Kashgar.It argues that one of the issues in China’s social housing system is to solve the problems of the scarcity of spatial elements and the lack of developmental driving force in large mixed communities of the Han and minority nationalities.Then it examines the elements of renovation and approaches based on a survey of the local residents in different parts of Kashgar City.Comparing the international development of traditional residential quarters and block-based communities,the paper points out that the block-based community is preferred for its impartiality and sustainability,and applies this mode to the renovation of the Old City of Kashgar in the form of design guidelines. Through the analysis of the international definition and classification of slums, this paper explores the development of China’s social housing system and the renovation of the Old City of Kashgar. It argues that one of the issues in China’s social housing system is to solve the problems of the scarcity of spatial elements and the lack of developmental driving force in large mixed communities of the Han and minority nationalities. It examines the elements of renovation and approaches based on a survey of the local residents in different parts of Kashgar City. Comparing the international development of traditional residential quarters and block-based communities, the paper points out that the block-based community is preferred for its impartiality and sustainability, and applies this mode to the renovation of the Old City of Kashgar in the form of design guidelines.