论文部分内容阅读
近年来,为了增加单项选择题的难度,全国各省高考试题的命题者很少使用简单的陈述句,而是用形式多样化、结构复杂化的句子作题干,讓很多学生有“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同”的感觉。面对此类题目,学生首先必须保持冷静,然后对题干进行一定的“加工”,方可看清句子的“庐山真面目”,识别题耳所涵盖考点。现将此策略的运用归纳如下:
一、将疑问句改成陈述句
疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,为了看清命题人的出题目的或题目考点,学生可以将一般疑问句变成肯定句,回答特殊疑问句,把其变为一陈述句。这样,答案就一目了然。如:
1.Is this factory_____we visited last year?
A.that B.which C.the one D.where
把它变成肯定句:This factory is_____we visited lastyear.答案就一目了然了。答案是c。对比:Is this the factory_____we visited last year?变为肯定句:This is the factory_____we visited last year.此时答案是A或B。
2.Whom would you rather havewith you?
A.to go B.go C.gone D.going
肯定回答此疑问句“would rather have Tom_____with me.现在,此题的考点则很明显了,使役动词have的宾语补足语,have sb.do sth.答案是B.
二、将被动旬改为主动句
由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得清楚的多。如:
1.Time should be made good USe Of_____our lessonswell
A.1earning
B.1earned
C.to learn D.1earns
现在将题千被动语句改写为主动句:We should makegood use of time_____Dur lesson well。可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能再用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。
2.The little boy was caught_____in the shop.
A.to steal B.stealing C.steal D.stole
将题干改为主动句,则为:The salesman caught the boy-jn the shop,很容易看出考查的知识点是catch sb doingsth。故正确答案是B
三、将含定语从旬的复合句分解为两个简单句
定语从句中与先行词相同的词被相应的关系词代替,被提前放置于先行词后,于是就造成了定语从句中某些句子成分的形式确定上有困难。如,
The manager discussed the plan that they would liketo see_____the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out根据定语从句的构造原理,可以分解为两个简单句(DThemanager discussed the plan They would like to see theplan_____the next year,这样,就很容易发现考点是seesomething done结构,这就不难看出正确答案是C。
四、将强调句型还原
判断一个句子是否是强调句型的最佳办法是去掉句中的Itis(was)……that(who),如果句子仍然成立且意思表达完整,则是强调句型,否则就不是强调句型。
1.It was_____the old clock that the old man spentthe whole morning at home.
A.repair B.redairing C.to repair D.in repair
去掉It was (that)即可还原为The old man Spentthe whole morning_____the old clock at home.很容易发现考察的知识点是:spend time doing,被强调部分repair-ing the old clock at home提前,因此答案为B。注意比较下面例子:2.It was 2004_____you joined the football club.It was in 2004_____you joined the football club.A. who B.that C.when D.which
分析;第一句运用还原法,去掉It was…(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加i11),故此句不是强调句型,而是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句,答案为c。第二句则是强调句,答案为B。
五、将省略句补充完整
有些题采取省略的形式,不太容易看清句子的结构。可以恢复被省略的成分,将题干中被隐含的部分或被省略的成分补齐,是句子的结构变得明朗,然后再对选择项作出正确的分析判断。补齐的时候,一定要仔细分析句子结构,弄清题意,揣摩出命题人故意省略的一些成分。
(一)状语从句中的省略
If_____in wet sand, vegetables can remain fresh fora long time.
A being buried B having buried C buried Dburying
此句是考察非谓语动词,根据状语从句的省略条件01从句主语一致02谓语中经常含有be动词,本句子可还原为:Ifvegetables are——in wet sand,vegetables can remainfresh for a long time.很显然,正确答案为:C
(二)交际用语中的简略回答
Where is your mother working?
In a hospital the center of our town.A is located B located C set in D is set in
此题容易误选A,其实In a hospiral——the center ofour town.是对疑问句Where is your mother working?的简略回答,补充完整为My mother is working in a hospi-tal_____the center 0f our town.很显然,此空应是过去分词 短语修饰名词hospital,故正确答案是B.
六、将感叹旬还原为陈述句
感叹句的结构:感叹词 被感叹部分 其它!被感叹词是名词用what行感叹,如果被感叹词是形容词或副词,则__用how感叹。为了看清被感叹部分是什么,我们可采用化感叹句为陈述句的方法。如,_____what little Tom said to hismother soundedl
A what reasonable B How a reasonable C Howreasonable D What a reasonable
乍一看,很难确定被感叹部分是什么,但经分析,可将题干还原为:What little Tom said to his mother sounded_____.很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语,故选c。
七.将插入语.短语、从句等插入部分去掉
为了考查学生对句子结构的识别、分析能力,出题人往往在一些b句子成分之间插入:插入语、短语、从句、过渡词等。如:
1 The companies are working together to createthey hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury.
A which B that C what D who
题干中的they hope是一个插入成分,解题时可以将其去掉。这样一来可以很容易看出,动词create后接一个宾语从句,横線处填的词应作从句的主语。满足条件的只~’what,此时what在从句中充当主语。故选c。
2_____It’s thirty years since we last met.
But I stili remember the story believe it ornot_____we got lost on a rainy day.
A whidh B that C what D when
短语b出eve n 0r not作插入成分,解题时可以不予考虑。由句子结构可知,后接的是同位语从句,来解释名词的内容。本题中横线后的句子表示一种事实性的情况,用B较合适。
总之,如果多加强训练,学生则可以掌握并灵活运用上述单项选择题的解题策略,从而极大的提高解题能力。
一、将疑问句改成陈述句
疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,为了看清命题人的出题目的或题目考点,学生可以将一般疑问句变成肯定句,回答特殊疑问句,把其变为一陈述句。这样,答案就一目了然。如:
1.Is this factory_____we visited last year?
A.that B.which C.the one D.where
把它变成肯定句:This factory is_____we visited lastyear.答案就一目了然了。答案是c。对比:Is this the factory_____we visited last year?变为肯定句:This is the factory_____we visited last year.此时答案是A或B。
2.Whom would you rather havewith you?
A.to go B.go C.gone D.going
肯定回答此疑问句“would rather have Tom_____with me.现在,此题的考点则很明显了,使役动词have的宾语补足语,have sb.do sth.答案是B.
二、将被动旬改为主动句
由于被动句的使用,句子的结构相对于主动句来说就没有那么清楚。我们如果将其改为主动句,这类题就会变得清楚的多。如:
1.Time should be made good USe Of_____our lessonswell
A.1earning
B.1earned
C.to learn D.1earns
现在将题千被动语句改写为主动句:We should makegood use of time_____Dur lesson well。可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能再用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。答案是C。
2.The little boy was caught_____in the shop.
A.to steal B.stealing C.steal D.stole
将题干改为主动句,则为:The salesman caught the boy-jn the shop,很容易看出考查的知识点是catch sb doingsth。故正确答案是B
三、将含定语从旬的复合句分解为两个简单句
定语从句中与先行词相同的词被相应的关系词代替,被提前放置于先行词后,于是就造成了定语从句中某些句子成分的形式确定上有困难。如,
The manager discussed the plan that they would liketo see_____the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out根据定语从句的构造原理,可以分解为两个简单句(DThemanager discussed the plan They would like to see theplan_____the next year,这样,就很容易发现考点是seesomething done结构,这就不难看出正确答案是C。
四、将强调句型还原
判断一个句子是否是强调句型的最佳办法是去掉句中的Itis(was)……that(who),如果句子仍然成立且意思表达完整,则是强调句型,否则就不是强调句型。
1.It was_____the old clock that the old man spentthe whole morning at home.
A.repair B.redairing C.to repair D.in repair
去掉It was (that)即可还原为The old man Spentthe whole morning_____the old clock at home.很容易发现考察的知识点是:spend time doing,被强调部分repair-ing the old clock at home提前,因此答案为B。注意比较下面例子:2.It was 2004_____you joined the football club.It was in 2004_____you joined the football club.A. who B.that C.when D.which
分析;第一句运用还原法,去掉It was…(that)即可看出句意不完整(2004前需加i11),故此句不是强调句型,而是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句,答案为c。第二句则是强调句,答案为B。
五、将省略句补充完整
有些题采取省略的形式,不太容易看清句子的结构。可以恢复被省略的成分,将题干中被隐含的部分或被省略的成分补齐,是句子的结构变得明朗,然后再对选择项作出正确的分析判断。补齐的时候,一定要仔细分析句子结构,弄清题意,揣摩出命题人故意省略的一些成分。
(一)状语从句中的省略
If_____in wet sand, vegetables can remain fresh fora long time.
A being buried B having buried C buried Dburying
此句是考察非谓语动词,根据状语从句的省略条件01从句主语一致02谓语中经常含有be动词,本句子可还原为:Ifvegetables are——in wet sand,vegetables can remainfresh for a long time.很显然,正确答案为:C
(二)交际用语中的简略回答
Where is your mother working?
In a hospital the center of our town.A is located B located C set in D is set in
此题容易误选A,其实In a hospiral——the center ofour town.是对疑问句Where is your mother working?的简略回答,补充完整为My mother is working in a hospi-tal_____the center 0f our town.很显然,此空应是过去分词 短语修饰名词hospital,故正确答案是B.
六、将感叹旬还原为陈述句
感叹句的结构:感叹词 被感叹部分 其它!被感叹词是名词用what行感叹,如果被感叹词是形容词或副词,则__用how感叹。为了看清被感叹部分是什么,我们可采用化感叹句为陈述句的方法。如,_____what little Tom said to hismother soundedl
A what reasonable B How a reasonable C Howreasonable D What a reasonable
乍一看,很难确定被感叹部分是什么,但经分析,可将题干还原为:What little Tom said to his mother sounded_____.很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语,故选c。
七.将插入语.短语、从句等插入部分去掉
为了考查学生对句子结构的识别、分析能力,出题人往往在一些b句子成分之间插入:插入语、短语、从句、过渡词等。如:
1 The companies are working together to createthey hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury.
A which B that C what D who
题干中的they hope是一个插入成分,解题时可以将其去掉。这样一来可以很容易看出,动词create后接一个宾语从句,横線处填的词应作从句的主语。满足条件的只~’what,此时what在从句中充当主语。故选c。
2_____It’s thirty years since we last met.
But I stili remember the story believe it ornot_____we got lost on a rainy day.
A whidh B that C what D when
短语b出eve n 0r not作插入成分,解题时可以不予考虑。由句子结构可知,后接的是同位语从句,来解释名词的内容。本题中横线后的句子表示一种事实性的情况,用B较合适。
总之,如果多加强训练,学生则可以掌握并灵活运用上述单项选择题的解题策略,从而极大的提高解题能力。