目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）在烟雾吸入性肺损伤发生发展中的可能作用。方法：采用大鼠烟雾吸入致伤模型，动态观察伤后血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）ＴＮＦα含量的变化，辅以动脉血气分析、肺水量测定、ＢＡＬＦ中白细胞分类计数和病理检查。结果：伤后动物出现急性呼吸衰竭和严重肺水肿，肺内大量炎性细胞聚集、浸润；血浆及ＢＡＬＦ中ＴＮＦα水平均明显升高，且与肺水量和ＢＡＬＦ内中性粒细胞数的增加呈显著正相关。结论：ＴＮＦα不仅参与了伤后肺水肿的发生发展，而且在增强局部炎症反应中可能有重要作用。 Objective: To investigate the possible role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in the development of smoke-induced lung injury. Methods: The rat model of smoke inhalation injury was used to observe the changes of TNFα in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after injury. The arterial blood gas analysis, lung water volume, white blood cell count and pathological examination in BALF were used. Results: The injured animals showed acute respiratory failure and severe pulmonary edema, and a large number of inflammatory cells were aggregated and infiltrated in the lungs. The levels of TNFα in plasma and BALF were significantly increased, and increased with the volume of lung water and the number of neutrophils in BALF Significantly positive correlation. Conclusion: TNFα not only involved in the development of post-injury pulmonary edema, but also may play an important role in enhancing the local inflammatory response.