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设例是从一类对象中抽取一个对象进行分析说明,以便作出这一个对象如此,这一类对象中的其它对象也一概如此的判断。这样,通过剖析一个例题,就能揭示与此相关的一般知识规律,获得教师举其一,学生知其类的效果。类比是设例的基础,设例是引导学生应用类比法学习基础知识和解题方法的一种手段。从例题开始,到根据例题建立同类联系,最后,按例题作出对同类问题的分析判断,这是一个类比思维的过程。它的结构是: (一)认识比的标准对象(类比的参照物),即搞懂原例题的意义。 (二)建立同类联系。从例题出发去展开联想,捕捉可与之相类比的对象,或者把相关的对象与例题相比,确定是否具有同类联系。 (三)对能与标准对象相类比的其他对象作出判断推理,获得一般规律。
Example is to extract an object from a class of objects for analysis and explanation, in order to make this an object so, other objects in this category of objects are also so to judge. In this way, through the analysis of an example, we can reveal the general rules of knowledge associated with this, get the teacher cited one, students know the effect of their class. Analogy is the basis for setting examples, setting examples is to guide students to apply the method of analogy to learn the basics and problem solving methods. From the beginning of the example to the establishment of similar relations according to the examples, finally, according to the examples to make the analysis and judgment of the similar problems, this is an analogical thinking process. Its structure is: (a) understanding of the standard object (analogy reference), that is, to understand the meaning of the original example. (B) to establish similar contacts. Starting from the example to start the association, to capture comparable objects, or related objects and examples to determine whether similar links. (3) to make judgments and inferences about other objects that can be compared with standard objects and obtain general rules.