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针对免耕播种条件下,播种机易于拖堆、堵塞,难以实现深施肥,设计了大豆双行免耕播种机。该机采用限深轮限深、锐角入土施肥铲开沟施肥,然后双圆盘开沟器在肥沟两侧开出种沟,实现垄上双行播种侧深施肥。平板限深轮的直径为300 mm、宽度为200 mm;施肥铲的入土角为40°、入土隙角为10°、圆弧曲率半径为310 mm;双圆盘开沟器两圆盘直径分别为320 mm、间距为130 mm、工作偏角为7°。通过田间试验,结果表明:在播种过程中无堵塞,通过性好;播种深度合格率达90%以上,变异系数小于27.9%;种肥垂直距离合格率90%以上,变异系数小于13.6%,种肥水平距离合格率大于85%,变异系数小于23.8%,能够保证大豆播种的种肥距离要求;晾种情况为0.1粒·m-1,左右行平均出苗数为1.02株·d-1·m-1。该机可满足黑龙江地区大豆免耕播种的农艺要求。
Under the conditions of no-tillage sowing, the sowing machine is easy to pile up and clog, and it is difficult to realize deep fertilization. The double-row no-tillage planter of soybean is designed. The machine uses limited depth wheel depth, acute angle into the fertilization shovel ditching and fertilization, and then double disc opener ditches in both sides of the furrow ditches to achieve double sowing ridge side of the deep fertilization. The diameter of the plate depth wheel is 300 mm and the width is 200 mm. The soil entry angle of the fertilizer shovel is 40 ° and the angle of the soil into the soil is 10 °. The radius of curvature of the circular arc is 310 mm. 320 mm, a pitch of 130 mm and an operating angle of 7 °. Through field experiments, the results showed that: no plugging in the sowing process, good sex through; sowing depth of 90% pass rate, the coefficient of variation of less than 27.9%; vertical rate of seed fertilizer pass rate of 90% or more, the coefficient of variation of less than 13.6% Fertilizer horizontal distance pass rate of more than 85%, the coefficient of variation of less than 23.8%, to ensure the sown soybean seed fertilizer distance requirements; airing situation is 0.1 grain · m-1, left and right rows of the average number of emergence was 1.02 · d-1 · m -1. The machine can meet the agronomic requirements of soy no-tillage sowing in Heilongjiang.