语言的本质是作为认知成果的意义。意义系统就是人类的知识系统。语义研究长期被忽视,致使现代语言学陷入困境。结构主义语言学过于注重形式研究是造成这一困境的直接原因。但结构主义的语言系统观和形式化方法可以为现代语义学的建立提供观念和方法的借鉴。现代语言学应当建立以“认知·语义”为纲的汉语词汇学。 The essence of language is the meaning of cognitive achievement. Meaning system is the human knowledge system. Semantic research has long been neglected, resulting in the difficulties of modern linguistics. Structural linguistics too much emphasis on formal research is the direct cause of this dilemma. However, structuralist linguistic and formal methods can provide ideas and methods for the establishment of modern semantics. In modern linguistics, Chinese lexicology should be established based on “cognition and semantics”.