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目的探讨长沙市铸造工业尘肺病现状和发病规律,预测流行趋势,为制定铸工尘肺防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用职业流行病学研究方法,基于该市1960年1月—2012年12月期间诊断的铸工尘肺病例资料,建立病例数据库,用SPSS 17.0软件统计分析。结果观察期间,全市报告新发铸工尘肺248例,其中Ⅰ期尘肺227例(91.53%),Ⅱ期19例(7.66%),Ⅲ期2例(0.81%);病例主要分布于该市内5区,共计243例(97.98%);主要发病年代为20世纪80年代,共169例(68.15%);患者初始接尘年代分布为60年代以前,共227例,占,91.53%;平均发病工龄(24.03±8.39)a;平均发病年龄(55.15±10.61)岁;死亡31例,平均死亡年龄(66.03±9.89)岁;主要死因为肺心病(7例,占22.6%)。结论该市铸工尘肺流行趋势是60和70年代发病人数呈递增态式,至80年代达到高峰,90年代略有下降,2000年逐渐减少,其流行特征与铸造业开展综合防尘措施以及引进树脂铸造技术有关。
Objective To investigate the status quo and incidence of pneumoconiosis in foundry industry in Changsha City and predict the epidemic trend and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of cast iron pneumoconiosis. Methods Based on the data of occupational pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the city from January 1960 to December 2012, a case-based database was established by occupational epidemiological method and analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results During the observation period, 248 cases of pneumoconiosis were found in the city, of which 227 cases were stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis (91.53%), 19 cases (7.66%) were stage Ⅱ and 2 cases (0.81%) were stage Ⅲ. The cases mainly distributed in the city 5 A total of 243 cases (97.98%); the main pathogenesis of the 1980s, a total of 169 cases (68.15%); patients with the initial dust collection age distribution before the 60s, a total of 227 cases, accounting for 91.53%; average length of service (24.03 ± 8.39) years; mean age at onset was (55.15 ± 10.61) years; 31 died, the average age of death was (66.03 ± 9.89) years; the main cause of death was pulmonary heart disease (7 cases, 22.6%). CONCLUSIONS The epidemic trend of cast iron worker pneumoconiosis in the city was an increasing trend in the 1960s and 1970s, reaching a peak in the 1980s, a slight decrease in the 1990s and a gradual decrease in 2000. The prevalence of dust-proof pneumoconiosis in the city was related to the integrated dust prevention measures in the foundry industry and the introduction of resins Casting technology.