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在普通计算具有初拉伸的、受轴向载荷的螺栓时,往往是忽略初拉伸力及被连接件的变形,而以外载荷乘以一系数K来攷虑的。今参考苏联“机械制造百科全书”及德文芬台逊所著“现代机械设计”等书,就理论上来讨论这类螺栓连接的计算。关于计算时所需要的材料特性和蠕变限等的具体数据,因限于篇幅,不作具体介绍,但注明参考资料。在讨论设计步骤前宜先讨论“载荷—变形图”螺栓及被连接件的刚性、及刚性与载荷间的关系。
In ordinary calculations with initially drawn, axially loaded bolts, the initial pullout force and the deformation of the connected piece are often ignored and the external load multiplied by a factor K is considered. This reference to the Soviet Union, “Machine Manufacturing Encyclopedia” and German Wen Fenson’s “Modern Machine Design” and other books, in theory, to discuss the calculation of such bolt connections. Specific data on the properties of the material required for calculation and creep limit, due to space limitations, not for specific introduction, but indicate the reference. Before discussing design steps, it is advisable to discuss the rigidity of the “load-deformation diagram” bolts and connected parts, and the relationship between rigidity and load.