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一、导论 1.一个基本的“改革公式”经济学家在解释体制变革的动因时,通常假定处在变革中的人们具有经济人的特性,即他们是有理性和追求自身利益的。体制变革或改革能否实际发生,取决于下列条件能否成立: 式中W_o为旧体制净收益(体制总收益减去体制运营成本),W_n为作为改革目标的新体制净收益,TC为改革过程中发生的额外成本(区别于体制运营成本)。显然,只有当W_n超过W_(?)(它可看作是采用新体制的机会成本)和TC时,有关当事者才能进行改革。
I. INTRODUCTION 1. A Basic “Reform Formula” When explaining the motivation of institutional change, economists usually assume that people in change have the characteristics of economic people, that is, they have reason and pursue their own interests. Whether system reform or reform can actually happen depends on whether the following conditions can be established: where W_o is the net income of the old system (total system revenue minus the operating cost of the system), W_n is the net profit of the new system as the reform goal, TC is the reform The extra costs incurred during the process (as distinguished from the operating costs of the system). Obviously, it is only when W_n exceeds W _ (?) (Which can be seen as the opportunity cost of adopting the new system) and TC, the relevant parties can carry out the reform.