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巴松话是西藏自治区工布江达县藏族使用的一种土语,与西藏自治区境内的藏语和非藏语均不通话,一直被认为是一种特殊的语言。作者经过实地调查,并进行比较研究以后,确认巴松话是藏语,属卫藏方言,但与已确定的前藏、后藏、阿里、夏尔巴4种土语都有一定的差异,应是一种独立的土语,从而使卫藏方言分为5个土语。巴松话的特殊性以及与卫藏方言内部各土语均不通话的原因是由于保留了一个非藏语的词汇底层,而且大多是核心语词。这一词汇底层与部分非藏语比较的结果表明,与门巴语有比较密切的关系。本文采用与卫藏方言4种土语比较的方式,全面介绍巴松话的特点,以公布识别的结果,并择要讨论有关的语言学理论问题。
Basho dialect is a type of soil used by Tibetans in Gongbu, Jiangtai County, Tibet Autonomous Region. It does not talk to Tibetan and non-Tibetan languages in the Tibet Autonomous Region and has long been regarded as a special language. After field investigation and comparative study, the author confirmed that Batson dialect is Tibetan and belongs to Weizang dialect. However, there are certain differences between the four types of soil language before the establishment of Tibet, the possession of Tibet, Ali and Sherpa. A kind of independent soil language, so that the Tibetan reservoir dialect is divided into five languages. The particularity of the Batson dialect and the reasons for not talking to any native dialect within the Tibetan dialect is that it maintains a non-Tibetan underlying vocabulary and is mostly a core language. The comparison between the bottom of this vocabulary and some non-Tibetan languages shows that there is a close relationship with Mumbai. In this paper, we compare the four kinds of Turkish language with the Wei-Tibetan dialect, introduce the characteristics of the Ba-Song dialect in an all-round way to reveal the result of the recognition, and choose to discuss the related linguistic theory questions.