急性咽炎是咽部黏膜、黏膜下组织和淋巴组织的急性炎症,常为上呼吸道感染的一部分,病变常波及整个咽腔,也可能局限在一处。病因为病毒、细菌感染,也可由于高温、粉尘、烟雾或刺激性气体吸入引起。病毒种类以柯萨奇病毒、腺病毒、副流感病毒为主。细菌以链球菌、葡萄球菌和肺炎双球菌为主。本病常继发于急性鼻炎、急性鼻窦炎、急性扁桃体炎之后,也有一开始即发生于咽部的。与气候的变化有明显关系,秋冬、冬春等季节交替时发病率最高。受冷、受湿常为急性咽炎的诱因。受冷后咽部黏膜局部血管收缩,呈缺血状态,白细胞减少。这种状态若持续较久,则局部抵抗力明显减弱,细菌、病毒乘虚而入,即引起咽部的急性炎症。 Acute pharyngitis is the acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, submucosal tissue and lymphoid tissue, often as part of the upper respiratory tract infection, lesions often affect the entire pharynx, may also be confined to one place. The cause of the virus, bacterial infection, but also due to high temperature, dust, smoke or irritating gas inhalation caused. Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus are the main types of virus. Streptococcus bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and pneumococcus mainly. The disease often secondary to acute rhinitis, acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, but also from the beginning that occurred in the throat. There is a clear relationship with climate change, with the highest incidence of seasons such as fall and winter, winter and spring alternation. By the cold, often wet wet acute pharyngitis incentives. After the throat mucosa local vasoconstriction, was ischemic, leukopenia. If this state continues for a long time, the local resistance is significantly weakened, bacteria, viruses take advantage of, that is caused by acute pharyngeal inflammation.