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在不同范式的世界史叙事中,明清中国的历史面貌也多有不同。在唯物史观范式的世界史中,明清中国被描述为停滞在封建社会晚期;在现代化范式的世界史中,明清中国被认为不存在真正的发展,无法自行开始向现代社会的转型过程;在全球史范式的世界史中,明清中国则变得与同时期的欧洲相似,都出现了属于早期现代的转型:生产大规模扩张、人口快速增长、商业化、城市化,以及市民社会出现等。在人类社会的历史变迁中,明清中国处在一个非常关键的转型时期。明清中国在不同范式的世界史中被赋予的不同面貌,也反映着不同范式的世界史对1500—1800年间历史变迁的不同理解。从对明清中国几种不同历史面貌的考察入手,可以探究不同范式世界史的研究取向和叙事脉络,也可以发现不同范式的研究叙事中所存在的不同问题。
In different paradigms of world history narratives, the history of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also quite different. In the world history of historical materialism paradigm, Ming and Qing China was described as stagnant in the late feudal society; in the world history of modern paradigm, Ming and Qing China was considered as having no real development and unable to initiate its own transition to modern society In the history of the world’s history, the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China became similar to that of the same period in Europe. All of them experienced the transformation of early modernity: mass expansion of production, rapid population growth, commercialization, urbanization, and civil society Appear and so on. In the historical changes of human society, Ming and Qing China was in a very crucial period of transition. The different visions of China in the different paradigms of world history in Ming and Qing dynasties also reflect the different understandings of the historical changes of different paradigms in the world from 1500 to 1800. Starting from the investigation of several different historical features in Ming and Qing China, we can explore the research orientation and narrative context of different paradigms of world history, and also find different problems existing in narrative of different paradigms.