财产权属于私人自治的领域,是确定对经济物品的个人自由领域的制度。和无政府状态比起来,确立财产权制度从而确定财产权利归属主体有利于增加社会的总生产和总消费,因此社会成员更为幸福。财产权制度可分为不存在排他性的支配权,所有的人自由地参与关于该财物的使用、收益的;以及存在排他性支配权,限制和禁止一般人对该财物的自由的使用和收益。排他性支配权的确立本身会把外部效果内部化,提高资源利用的有效性。从财产权制度的经济性功能或者效果动态性来看,提供对资源的有效的、合理的投资的吸引来防止对于资源的过少投资倾向,引导合适、合理的投资;在静态的观点下看,外部效果内部化防止对资源的过度使用或者过度开采。在财产权制度确立时,存在关于引进相关的成本与效益比率,随着这成本与效益比率的变化,决定特定的财产权制度出现还是被消灭。那么,决定财产权制度的产生或消灭的成本与效益比率的因素总体来看有三个因素:技术变化与开拓新市场;资源的相对稀少性的变化;国家的性格和能力。在两个财产权互相冲突对立的情况下,法政策上存在两种问题:第一,把权益权赋予给何方,对谁认可其财产的权益而对谁追侵害财产权的责任。为了解决此问题我们会涉及到两个标准,其一是效率性标准,另一是衡平性标准。第二,是这样确定下来的权益权应当依什么样的法律手段来进行保护的问题。从理论上看一般可举三种法律的保护手段,即物权的保护原则、损害赔偿原则和不可让的原则。 Property rights belong to the field of private autonomy, which is the system of determining the area of ​​personal liberty for economic goods. Compared with the anarchy, the establishment of the property rights system to determine the ownership of property rights is conducive to increasing the total production and total consumption of society, so members of the happier. The system of property rights can be divided into the absence of exclusive dominance, the free participation of all persons in the use and return of the property, and the existence of exclusive dominance that limits and prohibits the general use and benefits of the freedom of the property. The establishment of exclusivity will itself internalize the external effects and improve the efficiency of resource utilization. Judging from the economic function or the dynamic effect of the property right system, it provides the attraction of effective and reasonable investment of resources to prevent the tendency of too little investment in resources and to lead the appropriate and reasonable investment. From a static point of view, Internalization of external effects prevents overuse or over-exploitation of resources. At the time when the property rights system was established, there was a ratio of costs and benefits related to the introduction, and as the ratio of costs to benefits changed, it was decided whether the specific property rights system should be eliminated or eliminated. The factors that determine the cost-effectiveness ratio of the creation or elimination of the property rights system, on the whole, are three-fold: technological change and opening up new markets; changes in the relative scarcity of resources; and the character and ability of nations. There are two kinds of problems in the law and policy when the two property rights conflict with each other. First, it is the responsibility of who to chastise the property right to whoever gives the rights and benefits of the property. In order to solve this problem we will refer to two standards, one is the efficiency standard, and the other is the equity standard. Second, it is the question of what kind of legal means should be used to protect the rights and interests thus determined. In theory, generally speaking, three kinds of legal means of protection, that is, the principle of protection of property rights, the principle of compensation for damages and non-lettable principles.