物理学是一门以观察和实验为基础的学科,不少规律源于观察和实验的总结.然而,许多重大理论的发现,绝非简单实验结果的总结.它需要直觉和想像力、大胆的猜测和假设,引入合理的模型、深刻的洞察力、严谨的数学处理和逻辑思维.赵凯华先生在《定性与半定量物理学》一书的绪论中指出:在一些人的心目中,作定性的分析是出于不得已,只有高度定量化才是最重要的.其实这种认识是片面的,事情并不尽然.并非在所有的场合下繁复的计算都是必要的,有时定性的方法来得更有效.当一位成熟的物理学家在进行探索性的科学研究时,常常从定性的或半定量的方法入手.这包括对称性的考虑和守恒量的利用、量纲分析、数量级估计、简化模型的选取,以至概念和 Physics is a subject based on observation and experimentation, many of which originate from the conclusion of observation and experimentation. However, the discovery of many major theories is by no means a summary of simple experimental results. It requires intuition and imagination, bold speculation And assumptions, the introduction of a reasonable model, profound insight, rigorous mathematical processing and logical thinking.Zhao Kaihua in “qualitative and semi-quantitative physics” one book pointed out: In some people’s minds, for qualitative analysis Is a last resort, and only highly quantitative is the most important thing. In fact, this understanding is one-sided and things are not always true. Complicating calculations are not necessary in all occasions, and qualitative methods are sometimes more effective. A mature physicist often starts with qualitative or semi-quantitative methods in exploratory scientific research, including the consideration of symmetry and the use of conserved quantities, dimensional analysis, order-of-magnitude estimation, simplified model selection , And even concept and