肺气肿的发生主要与慢性支气管炎、哮喘、吸烟、空气污染,环境因素等有关,但与机体的体质和自身抵抗疾病的能力也有密切关系,近年来在肺气肿的发病学上,α-抗胰蛋白酶(α_1-antitrypsin,α_1-AT)缺乏日益受到人们的重视。1963年Laurell等首先发现α_1-AT缺乏与青年期肺气肿有密切关系。1968年Eriksson提出蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶假说,认为肺气肿 The incidence of emphysema is mainly related to chronic bronchitis, asthma, smoking, air pollution and environmental factors, but it is also closely related to the body’s constitution and its ability to resist diseases. In recent years, in the pathogenesis of emphysema, α - Antitrypsin (α_1-antitrypsin, α_1-AT) lack of more and more people’s attention. In 1963, Laurell et al. First found that lack of α_1-AT is closely related to adolescent emphysema. In 1968 Eriksson proposed a protease-anti-protease hypothesis that emphysema