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目的了解上海市中小学生超重肥胖状况及其影响因素,为制订学生超重肥胖防制策略提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海市6个区的7～18岁中小学生14 301名。测试指标为身高、体重,问卷调查采用“全国学生体质健康调研学生调查问卷”。结果上海市学生的超重率为13.9%,肥胖率为7.0%。男生高于女生,小学生高于中学生。男生、睡眠时间过短或过长、每周吃鸡蛋≥7次、上体育课感到累、不喜欢长跑是学生超重肥胖的危险因素,OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为2.544(2.307～2.805),1.242(1.148～1.345),1.129(1.004～1.270),1.252(1.173～1.337),1.185(1.112～1.262)。学校组织体育活动是学生超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.813,95%CI=0.700～0.945)。结论儿童青少年超重肥胖与饮食习惯、体力活动以及生活方式等因素有关。
Objective To understand the status of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Shanghai and its influencing factors, and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of overweight and obesity among students in Shanghai. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 14 301 primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years from 6 districts in Shanghai. Test indicators for height, weight, questionnaire using the “National Student Health Survey questionnaire”. Results The overweight rate of Shanghai students was 13.9% and the obesity rate was 7.0%. Boys are higher than girls and pupils are higher than middle school students. Male students, sleep time is too short or too long, eat eggs ≥ 7 times per week, tired of physical education, do not like long-distance running is a risk factor for overweight and obesity, odds ratio (OR 95% CI) were 2.544 (2.307 ~ 2.805), 1.242 (1.148-1.345), 1.129 (1.004-1.270), 1.252 (1.173-1.337), 1.185 (1.112-1.262). School physical activity is the protective factor of overweight and obesity (OR = 0.813, 95% CI = 0.700 ~ 0.945). Conclusion Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is related to dietary habits, physical activity and lifestyle.