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许多制造工艺需要联机的显微镜,它能为机器视觉或进行其他分析产生足够清晰的图像。这些显微镜(其光学系统的放大率大于1)能对精密零件的自动测量装置进行对准、检测和引导。 显微镜作为一种光学系统,与“标准的”摄像机(照相机)系统是完全不同的。为了对精细部件的成像提供所需的清晰度(分辨率),显微镜必须要有相当大的数字光阑孔径(即光圈)。这就限制了显微镜的景深。放大率大于1也就意味着从透镜镜头到成像传感器的距离是大于其它系统的。 机器视觉显微镜的有效设计需要对这些差别进行深入的了解。最初在设计上进行理智的选择,会使成功的机会大大地增加。某些参数会对成本和复杂性起很大的作用;而其它参数则几乎是“自由”的,它们不起什么作用。许多应用能用成本-有效光学来描述。成像的多路传输和自动聚焦能解决其它难以处理的问题。
Many manufacturing processes require on-line microscopes that produce sufficiently sharp images for machine vision or other analyzes. These microscopes, whose optical system magnification is greater than 1, align, detect and direct the automatic measurement of precision parts. Microscopy as an optical system is completely different from a “standard” camera (camera) system. In order to provide the required sharpness (resolution) for the imaging of fine parts, the microscope must have a fairly large digital diaphragm aperture (ie aperture). This limits the microscope's depth of field. A magnification greater than 1 means that the distance from the lens to the imaging sensor is greater than for other systems. The effective design of machine vision microscopes requires an in-depth understanding of these differences. The initial design of rational choices, will greatly increase the chances of success. Some parameters can play a large role in cost and complexity; others are almost “free” and do not contribute much. Many applications can be described using cost-effective optics. Imaging multiplexing and autofocus solve other difficult problems.