本文报道１０例痛性眼肌麻痹患者的临床和随访资料，男女各５例，７０％为中老年人；１０例均有一侧眼眶部痛或额部头痛，８例有患侧Ⅲ、Ⅳ脑神经麻痹，１例为患侧Ⅵ脑神经麻痹，另１例为患侧Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ脑神经全麻痹；３０％的患者合并患侧三叉神经第Ⅰ、Ⅱ支损害；全部病例对激素治疗均有明显疗效；经随访所有病例均在３个月内治愈。作者认为本病的病因和发病机理与免疫反应有关，系海绵窦及其附近的非特异性炎症病变所致。 This article reports 10 cases of painful ophthalmoplegia in patients with clinical and follow-up information, 5 were male and female, 70% of the elderly; 10 patients had bilateral orbital pain or headache, 8 patients with ipsilateral Ⅲ, Ⅳ brain 1 cases of ipsilateral Ⅵ cerebral palsy, the other case of ipsilateral Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅵ cranial nerve paralysis; 30% of the patients with ipsilateral trigeminal nerve injury Ⅰ, Ⅱ, all cases of hormone therapy have Significant effect; all cases were followed up within 3 months of cure. The author believes that the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease and immune response, Department of cavernous sinus and its vicinity caused by non-specific inflammation.