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通过对江西省余江县洪湖乡历史资料的分析,结合农户经济行为调查,阐述了典型红壤丘陵区农作系统的演变过程及其特征,并且针对农业生产中存在的问题,提出解决对策。分析结果表明,20世纪50年代以前,长江中下游流域农作系统的演变过程可以分为丘陵和河谷砂性水稻土的游垦系统-雨季水稻耕作系统-水旱轮作系统3个阶段。20世纪50年代以后,江西省余江县洪湖乡农作系统的演变分为农业革命和现有系统2个阶段,粮食安全驱动和生存型经济福利驱动是其演变的主要驱动力。80年代以来,随着经济的发展,一部分农作系统演变为可持续再生产型,但需要较高的劳力和资金投入,并且有物价和农业政策等方面的风险。目前发展区域可持续农业需要解决的关键问题是优化农林牧副渔结构、扩大土地经营规模、增加种粮比较效益、促进信贷资金使用、提高劳力素质。
Based on the analysis of the historical data of Honghu Township in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province and the economic behavior investigation of farmers, the evolution process and characteristics of farming systems in typical red soil hilly areas were expounded. And the solutions to the problems in agricultural production were put forward. The analysis shows that before 50 years of the 20th century, the evolution of farming system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be divided into three stages: the paddy field system of paddy soil in the hills and valleys - the paddy farming system in rainy season - the crop rotation and rotation system. After the 1950s, the evolution of the farming system in Honghu Township, Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province was divided into two stages: the agricultural revolution and the existing system. Food security-driven and subsistence-driven economic welfare were the main driving forces for its evolution. Since the 1980s, with the development of economy, some farming systems have evolved into sustainable reproduction models, but they require high labor and capital investment, as well as risks of price and agricultural policies. At present, the key issues to be solved in developing sustainable agriculture in the region are optimizing the structure of by-catch of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, expanding the scale of land management, increasing the comparative benefits of planting grain, promoting the use of credit funds and improving the quality of labor force.