血浆高密度脂蛋白是由载脂蛋白、脂质及多种功能蛋白质共同组成的复合物。它可通过促进胆固醇逆转运、抗氧化、抗炎症反应及血管内皮保护等作用抑制动脉粥样硬化。高密度脂蛋白生理功能的发挥依赖于其组成成分和水平的正常。疾病时，高密度脂蛋白组分的异常修饰，或其含量及活性的变化均可导致其上述功能的改变，甚至使之转变成为促动脉粥样硬化性物质。因此，探明对高密度脂蛋白功能起关键作用的组分及疾病特异性组分变化可为心血管疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的靶点。“,”Composed of apolipoproteins, lipids and functional proteins, high-density lipoprotein( HDL) protects against atherosclero-sis with its ability to reverse cholesterol transport promotion, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and direct endothelium protection.The physiological function of HDL depends on its normal compositions and levels.Modifications of HDL compositions and changes in their levels and activities can both contribute to its functional transformation towards pro-atherosclerosis.Therefore, finding the key components in HDL associated with its function and the specific changes during disease will provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment in cardiovascular disease.