在苏联为加速经济体制改革而采取的各项措施中,国家订货占据着特殊的地位。国家订货是经济机制的一种核心手段,是苏联管理经济的一种新模式。它的任务是首先保证中央政府在国家经济生活中的主导作用,促进经济战略方针的拟定,促进重要经济目标的实现,以及形成最佳的经济结构。为了合理地评价国家订货的作用,有必要搞清楚它与经济机制的一些要素,如控制数字、经济定额、经济限额等的相互关系,以及国家订货的职能及其特性。 Among the various measures taken by the Soviet Union to accelerate the reform of the economic system, state orders have taken a special place. Ordering by the state is a core means of the economic mechanism and a new model of the Soviet Union’s economic management. Its task is to first ensure the central government’s leading role in the country’s economic life, promote the formulation of economic strategy, promote the realization of important economic goals, and form the best economic structure. In order to reasonably evaluate the role of the country’s ordering, it is necessary to find out some of the elements of it and the economic mechanism, such as the control of numbers, economic quotas, economic limits, etc., as well as the functions and characteristics of the country’s ordering.