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Q:明清以来,面对西方,中国为何无力招架?A:中国的经济体,是建立在精耕细作制度上的农业经济。而且,由于汉武帝时期的政府过度管制工商业,导致以城市为基础的企业萎缩,农村便必须担起以农舍手工业生产消费品的功能。于是,这个农业经济就具有强烈的市场性。欧洲那种纯粹以庄园生产自给自足的农业,在中国只能于大乱之中偶然出现。市场型的农业经济,必须要靠区域间彼此的互补,使地方性的产品经过聚散流转,构成一个交换网。
Q: Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, why is China unable to parry the face of the West? A: China's economy is based on the intensive and systematic agricultural economy. Moreover, as the government in the period of Emperor Wu of Han dynasty overregulated business and commerce, resulting in the shrinking of city-based enterprises, the rural areas had to assume the function of producing consumer goods by farmhouse handicrafts. Thus, this agricultural economy has a strong market. The kind of agriculture in Europe that produces self-sufficiency purely in manor houses can only happen occasionally in chaos. Market-oriented agricultural economy must depend on mutual complementarity among regions so that local products can be distributed and circulated to form an exchange network.