中国近代社会的基本进程,就前80年的总体来看,当西方列强用大炮和鸦片打开中国封建的大门后,首先起来行动的是太平天国时期的农民运动,他们对封建统治进行武器的批判,打击了顽固派势力,改变了封建地主阶级内部的力量对比,充当了中国社会走向近代化的清道夫。迫使统治阶级调整政策,从而使洋务派即地主阶级改革派登上历史舞台。洋务运动从军事上、经济上在中国传统封建堡垒上第一次从内部打开了一个缺口,揭开了采用近代资本主义生产方式的序幕,为资产阶级登上历史舞台创造了物质基础,并传递了“师夷之长技以制夷”的思想接力棒。早期改良思想家协助和督促了洋务派完成自己的历史使命,同时为资产阶级启蒙运动和近代化运动作了舆论准备。戊戌变法及其后的清末“新政”,则是从思想和政治上掀起的启蒙运动,点燃爱国与民主的烈火,进行资产阶级参政、改革的初步尝试,敲响了近代两大主题的二重奏:即不但引进了西 In the first 80 years of the overall process of the basic process of modern Chinese society, when the Western powers opened the door to China’s feudalism with artillery and opium, the peasant movement that first came into operation was the Taiping Heavenly King’s Movement. They criticized the feudal rule of arms, Attacked the die-hards, changed the balance of power within the feudal landlord class and acted as a scavenger of the Chinese society towards modernization. Forcing the ruling class to adjust its policies so that the Western-style faction, the landlord-class reformers, will take the stage of history. For the first time, the Westernization Movement opened the gap from the inside for the first time in the military and economic fields by military and economic means. It opened the prelude to the adoption of modern capitalist mode of production and created a material basis for the bourgeois ascend the stage of history. The idea of ​​“long-term division to rule the barbarians,” the idea baton. Early improvement thinkers assisted and urged the Westernization School to accomplish its historic mission while preparing for the bourgeois enlightenment and the modernization movement. The Reform Movement of 1898 and its subsequent “New Deal” at the end of the Qing Dynasty were the initial enlightenment initiated by ideological and political activism, the ignite of the fire of patriotism and democracy, the initial attempts by the bourgeoisie to participate in politics and reform, and sounded the duet of two modern themes: That is not only the introduction of the West