目的　研究核心家系中带协变量的数量性状的遗传方差分量模型 ,探索数量性状的遗传因素和环境因素作用大小的分析方法。方法　将线性混合模型应用于核心家系资料 ,根据核心家系成员的遗传关系建立遗传方差分量模型 ,运用SAS软件中的Mixed模块和WinBUGS软件进行参数估计 ,分析各影响因素作用大小。结果　模拟研究表明REML法和MCMC法都可得到近似无偏的参数估计。REML法计算耗时较少 ,但该法对各参数的区间估计具有一定的局限性 ,而MCMC法可方便地得到各参数的可信区间。结论　该模型可应用于实际家系资料 ,分析遗传因素和环境因素对数量表型的影响大小 Objective To study the genetic variance component model of quantitative traits with covariates in nuclear families and to explore the role of genetic factors and environmental factors in quantitative traits. Methods The linear mixed model was applied to the core pedigree data. Genetic variance component model was established based on the genetic relationships among the core family members. The parameters were estimated by using the SAS mixed software module and WinBUGS software. The effect of each influencing factor was analyzed. Simulation results show that both the REML method and the MCMC method can obtain an approximate unbiased parameter estimation. The method of REML is less time-consuming, but the method has certain limitations on the interval estimation of each parameter, while the MCMC method can easily obtain the confidence interval of each parameter. Conclusion The model can be applied to the actual pedigree data to analyze the impact of genetic factors and environmental factors on the quantitative phenotype