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按照高中英语课程标准,英语阅读教学的目的是:培养阅读策略,建立语感,特别强调培养学生在閱读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。2020年江苏省高考英语考试纲要要求:考生能够读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取信息。要求考生能够理解主旨要义,理解文中具体信息,根据上下文推断单词和短语的涵义,作出判断和推理,理解文章基本结构,理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解考点涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意和语义猜测等几个方面,从近几年江苏高考试题来看,阅读理解命题有如下趋势:题材多样,体裁越来越多样化,体裁涵盖应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文等;阅读材料选材丰富、原汁原味,具有浓郁的时代气息,突显最新科技,彰显人文理念,涉及社会、科学、政治经济、旅游环保、历史人文、人物故事等各个领域。从考查的角度看,主要考查学生如下能力:细节理解能力、推理判断能力、归纳语篇主旨大意和猜测语义的能力。
结合上表可以发现,近三年来江苏高考阅读理解对细节理解题和推理判断题考查的比重大,归纳主旨大意题次之,猜测语义题数目近几年相对稳定。其中细节理解题是考查考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。简单的细节查找题,考生往往能够直接定位题干中的关键词,到文中查找相关信息就可以解答,而一些间接信息题往往需要考生结合同义、近义表达将题干中的关键词进行替换,甚至有的数字计算题还需要考生结合查找出的事实细节进行具体计算,这都体现了细节理解题考查层次的复合性。
详细分析近几年江苏高考试题,不难发现,细节理解题由从前的简单寻找信息转向综合考查多层次信息,选项设置也常常具有较大干扰性、迷惑性。有时干扰项会将原文信息夸大,或者陈述的内容与原文意义相反,有时利用某个词或短语的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体意义,有的干扰项比较狡猾,会使用与原文相似的表达,但在某些细节处偷梁换柱。对此类题目,我们往往可以采用排除法,结合干扰项常见特点,排除答非所问、不符逻辑、与文章内容相反或者矛盾的选项,排除以偏概全、无中生有的选项,利用同义转换或者反义信息,对照原文关键信息作答。
例如:If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern. And dont forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling... (2019年江苏卷)
Q: If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pooles Cavern. B. Pavilion Gardens.
C. Buxton Museum D. Green Man Gallery
解题技巧:根据题干中的关键词“underground journey”定位文中与问题相关信息“...or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern”,可以发现,“journey beneath the earth”与题干中“underground journey”同义。因此选A。
推理判断题也是近年来阅读理解考查的重点,对比近三年江苏高考题,看似题量在减少,实际上难度在提升。此类题要求考生在彻底理解文章的基础上,根据文章内容,对文章信息进行加工处理,通过分析、综合等深层思维处理,进行符合逻辑的推理,推断出作者的“言外之意”。推理判断题按照其设问方式,常常分为:写作意图推断题、文章来源或读者对象推断题、态度观点评述性推断题等。
例如:Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.(2019年江苏卷C篇) Q: The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should
阅读理解考点涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意和语义猜测等几个方面,从近几年江苏高考试题来看,阅读理解命题有如下趋势:题材多样,体裁越来越多样化,体裁涵盖应用文、说明文、记叙文、议论文等;阅读材料选材丰富、原汁原味,具有浓郁的时代气息,突显最新科技,彰显人文理念,涉及社会、科学、政治经济、旅游环保、历史人文、人物故事等各个领域。从考查的角度看,主要考查学生如下能力:细节理解能力、推理判断能力、归纳语篇主旨大意和猜测语义的能力。
结合上表可以发现,近三年来江苏高考阅读理解对细节理解题和推理判断题考查的比重大,归纳主旨大意题次之,猜测语义题数目近几年相对稳定。其中细节理解题是考查考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。简单的细节查找题,考生往往能够直接定位题干中的关键词,到文中查找相关信息就可以解答,而一些间接信息题往往需要考生结合同义、近义表达将题干中的关键词进行替换,甚至有的数字计算题还需要考生结合查找出的事实细节进行具体计算,这都体现了细节理解题考查层次的复合性。
详细分析近几年江苏高考试题,不难发现,细节理解题由从前的简单寻找信息转向综合考查多层次信息,选项设置也常常具有较大干扰性、迷惑性。有时干扰项会将原文信息夸大,或者陈述的内容与原文意义相反,有时利用某个词或短语的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体意义,有的干扰项比较狡猾,会使用与原文相似的表达,但在某些细节处偷梁换柱。对此类题目,我们往往可以采用排除法,结合干扰项常见特点,排除答非所问、不符逻辑、与文章内容相反或者矛盾的选项,排除以偏概全、无中生有的选项,利用同义转换或者反义信息,对照原文关键信息作答。
例如:If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern. And dont forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling... (2019年江苏卷)
Q: If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pooles Cavern. B. Pavilion Gardens.
C. Buxton Museum D. Green Man Gallery
解题技巧:根据题干中的关键词“underground journey”定位文中与问题相关信息“...or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern”,可以发现,“journey beneath the earth”与题干中“underground journey”同义。因此选A。
推理判断题也是近年来阅读理解考查的重点,对比近三年江苏高考题,看似题量在减少,实际上难度在提升。此类题要求考生在彻底理解文章的基础上,根据文章内容,对文章信息进行加工处理,通过分析、综合等深层思维处理,进行符合逻辑的推理,推断出作者的“言外之意”。推理判断题按照其设问方式,常常分为:写作意图推断题、文章来源或读者对象推断题、态度观点评述性推断题等。
例如:Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.(2019年江苏卷C篇) Q: The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should