获得具有优良性能的钢材，一直是广大冶金工作者追求的目标，由于钢材的性能取决于它的组织，所以获取有关组织和性能的各种信息，始终是冶金生产的重要环节。长期以来，人们采取破坏性的方法制备试样，利用各种检测手段获得钢材组织、性能方面的信息。这样做存在的问题是：只 Obtaining steel with excellent properties has always been the goal pursued by the majority of metallurgical workers. Since the properties of steel depend on its organization, obtaining various information about the organization and performance has always been an important part of metallurgical production. For a long time, people have taken destructive methods to prepare samples and used various detection methods to obtain the information of steel structure and properties. The problem with doing this is: only