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关于“科学”的概念，一般有三种不同的学术观点，即“知识体系”说、“活动”论和“总合”说。要正确把握“科学”的本质，必须弄清科学与科学活动、科学发展的联系与区别。本文认为：料学是一个相对静止的理论知识体系，科学活动是科学主体通过主客化要素和物质手段与科学对象交互作用的动态过程，科学发展是科学活动与其结果（科学知识）相互替变的无限序列。
There are generally three different kinds of academic ideas about the notion of “science,” namely, the “knowledge system” theory, the “activity” theory, and the “total integration” theory. To correctly grasp the essence of “science,” we must understand the links and differences between science and science activities and scientific development. This paper argues that material science is a relatively static theoretical knowledge system. Scientific activity is the dynamic process through which the subject of science interacts with the scientific object through the subjective and objective elements and the material means. Scientific development is the mutual substitution of scientific activities and the results (scientific knowledge) Infinite sequence.