目的：研究１型糖尿病患者血清胰岛细胞抗体（ＩＣＡ）和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化以及其与胰岛功能的相关性。方法：测定５３例１型糖尿病患者ＩＣＡ、外周血淋巴细胞亚群和血清Ｃ肽水平。结果：ＩＣＡ阳性率为５０９％（２７／５３）；１型糖尿病患者ＣＤ３和ＣＤ８均高于正常人，ＣＤ４低于正常人，但无统计学意义，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显低于正常人（Ｐ＜００５）；ＩＣＡ阳性者ＣＤ８明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜００１），ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显低于正常人（Ｐ＜００１和０００１）；２１例病程＜１年者ＣＤ８明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜００５），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显低于正常人（Ｐ＜００５）。ＩＣＡ＋者Ｃ肽水平明显低于ＩＣＡ－者（Ｐ＜００５），胰岛素依赖者（８５２％）亦明显多于ＩＣＡ－者（５００％）。结论：提示１型糖尿病发病早期有明显细胞免疫与体液免疫异常，并与胰岛功能密切相关 Objective: To investigate the changes of serum islet cell antibody (ICA) and T lymphocyte subsets in type 1 diabetic patients and its relationship with pancreatic islet function. Methods: The levels of ICA, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum C-peptide in 53 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were determined. Results: The positive rate of ICA was 509% (27/53). CD3 and CD8 in type 1 diabetic patients were higher than those in normal controls and CD4 was lower than that in normal controls, but no significant difference was found (P <005). The positive rate of CD8 in ICA was significantly higher than that in normal people (P <001), the ratio of CD4 and CD4 / CD8 was significantly lower than that in normal people (P <001 and 0001) The duration of CD8 was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P <005), and the ratio of CD4 / CD8 was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (P <005). ICA + C peptide levels were significantly lower in ICA patients (P <005), insulin dependent patients (852%) were also significantly more than those in ICA patients (500%). Conclusion: It is suggested that there is obvious cellular immunity and humoral immunity abnormalities in the early stage of type 1 diabetes and closely related to islet function