中共中央、国务院以一号文件下发的《关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见》,第一次提出了“进城就业的农民工已经成为产业工人的重要组成部分”的科学论断,不仅为促进农民工身份的转变和实现城乡一元化的格局指明了方向,也是中国政治与经济体制改革的重大创举。农民工从整体上已具备中国工人阶的基本特征农民向工人的转化,是中国经济发展和社会进步的必然趋势。但在不同的经济体制下,农民转化为工人有不同的途径和方式,也会有不同的客观效果。在计划经济时期,农民向工人的转化是国家通过下达“招工”计划实现的,被“招工”的农民一夜之间就可以改变身份和职业,成为 The CPC Central Committee and State Council’s No.1 Opinion on Promoting Farmers’ Income Increase for the first time put forward the scientific judgment that “migrant workers entering the cities have become an important part of industrial workers” It not only points out the direction for the transformation of migrant workers’ identity and the realization of urban-rural integration, but also serves as a major undertaking for the reform of China’s political and economic system. Migrant workers as a whole already have the basic characteristics of the Chinese working class The transformation of peasants to workers is an inevitable trend of China’s economic development and social progress. However, under different economic systems, there are different ways and means for peasants to transform themselves into workers and different objective effects. During the period of planned economy, peasants’ transformation to workers was realized through the state’s “recruitment” plan. Peasants who were “recruited” could change their status and occupation overnight and become