上世纪80年代末、90年代初,经济转型,即从高度集中的计划经济体制向市场经济体制过渡,成为原来的社会主义国家共同的经历。所不同的是,俄罗斯、中东欧各国采用的是外部移植的转型模式,也就是西方国家为拯救拉美危机而设计的新自由主义的转型模式——“华盛顿共识”,而中国则在 In the late 1980s and early 1990s, economic restructuring, that is, the transition from a highly concentrated planned economy to a market economy, became the common experience of the former socialist countries. The difference is that Russia and Central and Eastern European countries adopted the transformation model of external transplantation, that is, the neoliberal transformation model designed by western countries to save the crisis in Latin America - the Washington Consensus, while China