Background and Purpose -Several prospective studies have shown significant as sociations between plasma fibrinogen, viscosity, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibr in D-dimer, or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen and the risk of prima ry cardiovascular events. Little has been published on the associations of these variables with recurrent stroke. We studied such associations in a nested case -control study derived from the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS). Methods -Nested case-control study of ischemic (n=472) and hemorrhagic (n=83) strokes occurring during a randomized, placebo-controlled mu lticenter trial of perindopril-based therapy in 6105 patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Controls were matched for age, treatment g roup, sex, region, and most recent qualifying event at entry to the parent trial . Results -Fibrinogen and CRP were associated with an increased risk of recurre nt ischemic stroke after accounting for the matching variables and adjusting for systolic blood pressure, smoking, peripheral vascular disease, and statin and a ntiplatelet therapy. The odds ratio for the last compared with the first third o f fibrinogen was 1.34 (95%CI, 1.01 to 1.78) and for CRP was 1.39 (95%CI, 1.05 to 1.85). After additional adjustment for each other, these 2 odds ratios stayed virtually unchanged. Plasma viscosity, tPA, and D-dimer showed no relationship with recurrent ischemic stroke, although tPA was significant for lacunar and la rge artery subtypes. Although each of these variables showed a negative relation ship with recurrent hemorrhagic stroke, none of these relationships achieved sta tistical significance. Conclusions -Fibrinogen and CRP are risk predictors for ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke, independent of potential confounders. Background and Purpose-Clinical prospective studies have shown significant as sociations between plasma fibrinogen, viscosity, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibr in D-dimer, or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen and the risk of prima ry cardiovascular events. Little has been published on the associations of these variables with recurrent stroke. We-Nested case-control study of ischemic (n = 472 ) and hemorrhagic (n = 83) strokes occurring during a randomized, placebo-controlled mu lticenter trial of perindopril-based therapy in 6105 patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Controls were matched for age, treatment g roup, sex, region, and most recent qualifying event at entry to the parent trial. Results-Fibrinogen and CRP were associated with an increased risk of recurre nt ischemic stroke after accounting for the matching variables and adjusting for systolic blood pressure, smoking, peripheral vascular disease, and statin and a ntiplatelet therapy. The odds ratio for the last compared with the first third of fibrinogen was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.78) and for CRP was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85). After additional adjustment for each other, these 2 odds ratios stayed virtually unchanged. Plasma viscosity, tPA, and D-dimer showed no relationship with recurrent ischemic stroke, although tPA was significant for lacunar and la rge artery subtypes. Although each of these variables showed a negative relation ship with recurrent hemorrhagic stroke, none of these relationships achieved sta-tistical significance. Conclusions-Fibrinogen and CRP are risk predictors for ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke, independent of potential confounders.