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海洋地震勘探和地壳研究中最常用的震源有气枪、炸药和电火花.这些震源在海水中激发地震波时,由于气泡效应,使得除了一次压力波以外,在海水中还形成二次,三次,甚至超过十次的压力波.一次压力波称为冲击波,二次和二次以上的压力波称为重复冲击,二者总称为震源波.海水和空气之间的自由表面是一个极好的反射面.当压力波从海水层入射到自由表面时,在自由表面附近,入射波和反射波的波形和强度都相同,只是相位差π.当震源深度比较小的时候,冲击波和重复冲击与它们的自由表面反射波之间相互干涉,形成复波,分别称为复冲击波和复重复冲击.
The most commonly used sources in marine seismic exploration and crustal studies are airstrips, explosives, and sparks.These sources, when excited by seawater, excite the seismic waves due to the bubble effect so that in addition to a pressure wave, they form secondary, tertiary, or even secondary More than ten pressure waves. A pressure wave is called a shock wave, and a pressure wave of two or more times is called a repeated impact, and both are called source waves. The free surface between seawater and air is an excellent reflection surface When a pressure wave is incident on a free surface from a seawater layer, the shape and intensity of the incident and reflected waves are the same near the free surface except for the phase difference of π. When the depth of the source is relatively small, the shock wave and the repetitive impact with their Free surface reflected waves interfere with each other to form complex waves, respectively, complex shock and complex shocks.