一、启发思维是课堂教学艺术的主旋律 贝斯特在《教育的基地》一书中认为“真正的教育就是智慧的训练”。“严格的智慧训练有赖于优良的教学”。可见,有效地利用多种途径和方法来启发学生的思维,促进学生智慧的真正发展,也是构成课堂教学艺术的重要内容。 第一,教师在课堂教学中要教会学生思维。“授人以鱼,不如授人以渔。”只有让学生真正掌握了有关的科学思维方法,教师启发思维才不是一句空话。进行思维的一些具体方法,诸如分析法、综合法、比较法、概括法、抽象法、分类法等等,一旦被学生所掌握,便会大大加强其思维的科学性,使学生更能有效地理解、巩固和运用所学的知识,提高其主动学习的积极性。正如赞科夫所说:“教会学生思考,这对学生来说,是一生中最有价值的本钱”。 第二,教师在启发思维时要注意培养学生良好的思维品质。爱因斯坦就曾论述过培养学生思维的独立性品质的重要性,他说:“发展独立思考和独立判断的一般能力,应当始终放在首位,而不应当把获得专业知识放在首位。”其实,不单思维的独立性品质很重要,良好思维的其它品质,诸如思维的广阔性、深刻性、敏捷性、灵活性与批判性等等,也可以使学生的思维进一步走向成熟,而少犯一些片面化、表面化、教条化、权威化的过失与错误。所以,教师 First, inspiring thinking is the main theme of the classroom teaching art Best in the “base of education,” a book that “real education is the training of wisdom.” “Strict wisdom training depends on good teaching.” Visible, effective use of a variety of ways and means to inspire students thinking and promote the real development of student intelligence, but also constitute an important part of classroom teaching art. First, teachers should teach students to think in class. “To teach people to fish, it is better to teach people to fish.” Only allow students to truly grasp the scientific thinking, teacher inspired thinking is not empty talk. Some concrete methods of thinking, such as analytic method, comprehensive method, comparative method, general method, abstract method, taxonomy and so on, once mastered by students, greatly enhance the scientific nature of their thinking and make students more effective Understand, consolidate and apply what they have learned and enhance their motivation to take the initiative to learn. As Zankov said: “To teach students to think, this is the most valuable cost to students in their life.” Second, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students’ good thinking quality while inspiring their thinking. Einstein once discussed the importance of developing the quality of independence in student thinking. He said: “The general ability to develop independent thinking and independent judgments should always be given first priority, rather than gaining professional knowledge.” In fact, not only the quality of independent thinking is very important, other qualities of good thinking, such as the vastness of thinking, profoundness, agility, flexibility and criticalness, etc., can also make students think further toward maturity, and fewer offenders Some one-sided, superficial, dogmatic, authoritative mistakes and mistakes. So, teacher